If a DOI is available, use it at the end of the citation. Scholarly journals accessed online are often assigned a DOI number. They are assembled in a specific order and followed by specific punctuation.Ī DOI (Digital Object Identifier) is an identifier assigned by the publisher that provides a persistent link to the online source. There are additional elements that may be required based on the source type.
(Your instructor will specify if they prefer footnotes or endnotes.) A version of CMOS known as Turabian may also be accepted for student papers. Please check with your instructor for their preference.ĬMOS also has specific rules related to capitalization, abbreviations, the appearance of dates, and punctuation in citations that are unique to this style and help distinguish it from others.ĭepending on the source type (book, journal article, etc.), your bibliography entry and footnote/endnote are composed of these major elements: This format requires either footnotes or endnotes and a bibliography at the end of the paper. There are two different systems of CMOS, "Notes and Bibliography" and "Author/Date." This guide will focus on the more popular Notes and Bibliography system. The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) is published by the University of Chicago Press and is often used in business, history, fine arts, and the humanities.
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